What is a Solar Panel Installer?


A solar panel installer is a skilled tradesperson who assembles, installs, and maintains solar photovoltaic (PV) systems on rooftops or other structures. Their job is critical to expanding the use of renewable solar energy. 


With the solar industry booming, demand for qualified solar installers is high. These jobs provide an opportunity to combat climate change while earning a good living. Solar PV is one of America's fastest growing employment sectors.


Solar installers assemble arrays of solar panels, either as rooftop systems for homes and businesses or ground-mounted systems for larger commercial sites. Installation involves skills like construction, wiring, and electronics. Once the systems are functioning, solar installers also provide maintenance and repairs.


With proper training and certification, solar panel installers can build rewarding clean energy careers. Their work powers homes and businesses with emissions-free electricity from the sun. The field offers competitive wages, interesting work, and the satisfaction of enabling cleaner energy alternatives. Those drawn to working with their hands, problem solving, customer service, and fighting climate change may find solar jobs appealing.


Day in the Life of a Solar Panel Installer


A solar panel installer's day-to-day responsibilities involve working at client locations to install solar photovoltaic systems. Typical duties include:


  • Consulting with clients to determine project scope, system size and placement, permitting requirements, incentives, and other specifications
  • Performing site assessments and surveys to determine optimal solar array placement, structural integrity for panel mounts, and system wiring routes
  • Installing racking and mounting hardware for solar panels, securing to rooftops or other structures
  • Wiring panels together into arrays and integrating with existing electrical systems and inverters
  • Troubleshooting, testing, and commissioning installed systems to ensure proper functioning  
  • Educating clients on system monitoring, maintenance, production, and interconnect agreements
  • Completing documentation related to permits, inspections, incentives, and monitoring
  • Maintaining van, tools, and equipment needed for installations
  • Adhering to all safety regulations including use of harnesses, protective gear, and OSHA protocols


The work is very hands-on and takes place both indoors and outdoors at residential and commercial sites. Workdays can be long, with frequent climbing, lifting, wiring, and troubleshooting. Safety is paramount when working on rooftops and with electricity.


Skills & Qualifications


To be successful as a solar panel installer, you'll need certain skills and qualifications. Here are some of the key requirements for this career:


Education

Most solar installer jobs require a high school diploma or equivalent. Coursework in math, science, electronics, and technical trades can be helpful. Some employers may prefer candidates with an associate's degree or technical certification in solar energy. 


Technical Skills

  • Understanding of photovoltaic (PV) systems and components like solar panels, inverters, and racking.
  • Ability to use tools and equipment needed for installation like drills, saws, voltmeters, and lifting equipment. 
  • Knowledge of electricity, wiring, and the National Electrical Code.
  • Math skills for taking measurements and making calculations.
  • Troubleshooting and analytical thinking to diagnose and fix problems.


Soft Skills

  • Communication skills to interact with clients and coworkers.
  • Organization to keep track of multiple installation schedules and tasks.  
  • Physical fitness and coordination for working on roofs and lifting heavy equipment.
  • Attention to detail to ensure proper alignment and wiring connections.
  • Teamwork ability to collaborate with other installers and electricians.


Training & Certifications


Becoming a solar panel installer requires specialized training and certifications. While requirements vary by state, here are some of the main credentials needed:


  • NABCEP PV Installation Professional Certification - This is the leading national certification for solar installers. Offered by the North American Board of Certified Energy Practitioners (NABCEP), candidates must complete 58 hours of advanced solar training and pass an exam.
  • OSHA 10 Safety Training - A 10-hour OSHA construction safety course is required. This covers topics like fall protection, electrical hazards, and ladder safety.
  • Local Electrical Licensing - Many states require solar installers to hold an electrical license, such as a journeyman or master electrician license. This involves passing an exam and completing on-the-job training hours.
  • Manufacturer Certifications - Installers often get certified by top solar panel manufacturers like SolarEdge, Enphase, or SunPower. This qualifies them to install those specific products.
  • Continuing Education - Given frequent advances in solar technology, many installers take regular CE courses to stay current on the latest equipment and techniques.


The right combination of formal courses, hands-on training, and passing certification exams is essential to becoming a qualified, professional solar installer. Those willing to put in the effort to earn these credentials will find more and better job opportunities.


Salary & Job Growth


Solar panel installation is a rapidly growing field. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, demand for solar panel installers is projected to grow 63% from 2020 to 2030, much faster than the average for all occupations. There are several factors driving this growth:


  • Decreasing costs of solar panels, making them more affordable 
  • Government incentives and policies supporting renewable energy
  • Increased consumer and business interest in clean, renewable electricity


With rising demand comes lucrative salaries. The median annual wage for solar photovoltaic installers was $46,470 in May 2020, according to the BLS. The lowest 10% earned less than $30,820, and the highest 10% earned more than $76,920 annually. Wages can also vary by region, employer, experience level, and project size or complexity. Many solar installers work on commission or performance-based pay as well.


Overall, solar panel installation offers stable job growth and competitive salaries. It's an attractive career choice for those interested in renewable energy and working with their hands. The job outlook is bright for qualified candidates as demand for solar power expands in the coming decade.


Pros & Cons of Working as a Solar Panel Installer


Working as a solar panel installer has many advantages, but there are also some potential downsides to consider. 


Advantages


  • High job growth and demand - The solar industry is booming, with demand for installers projected to grow over 60% in the next decade. There is ample job opportunity.
  • Competitive wages - Installers make a median annual salary of around $45,000, higher than many trade jobs. With experience, six-figure incomes are possible.
  • Meaningful work - Installers get to work with cutting-edge technology while making a positive environmental impact. The job provides a sense of purpose.
  • Varied work - No two solar installations are exactly alike. Installers enjoy a mix of in-field and in-shop work. No day is the same.
  • Independence - Many installers work alone or in small teams. Those who start their own company enjoy being their own boss. 


Disadvantages 


  • Physical work - Installations involve lifting, climbing, standing, and working in all weather. The job can be demanding physically.
  • Risk of injury - Solar installers have a higher rate of injuries and illnesses than other jobs. Proper safety training is critical.
  • Irregular hours - Installers may work weekends, nights, or extended shifts to complete jobs. Schedule flexibility is needed.